How Do the Sensory System and Central Nervous System Connect and Interact?
These systems bridge with the sensory receptors and neurons. The senses they spur and the reaction that is understood and derives from segments of the brain or the spinal chord. The central nervous system is able to sense surroundings, transfer information through the brain, spinal chord and the rest of the body, controls voluntary movement and maintains movement that is involuntary aka homeostasis.
Common sensory systems consist of the following:
- Vision
- Somatic Sensation (touch)
- Auditory (hearing)
- Taste
- Olfaction (smell)
Sensory organs include eyes, skin, ears, papillae (taste buds) and the nose. These organs have sensory receptor cells that are able to transfer information to either the brain or spine in order to formulate reactions. Neurons are cells but they have a peculiar shape consisting of hairy axom bits on the top and tail like dendrites. If one were to place their hand on a hot surface instantly nerves (a collection of neurons) would send information to the spinal chord like a telephone call and the spinal chord would send information the opposite direction to signal to the muscles to move the hand.
There are different types of nerves in the body that connect to different places:
The brain is the President and the spine is the Vice President, if the Vice President can handle what is happening then the President does not get involved. For example when the doctor taps a knee, receptors in the knee send a signal to the spinal chord via a sensory neuron. The sensory neuron signals the central nervous system (in this case spine) which signals the motor neuron which then stimulates the correct leg so that it kicks. The brain did not need to get involved as this was a reflex of which the spinal chord and neurons had under control.
Major Organs:
Brain: Averagely the human brain weighs 3 pounds and is comprised of fats and proteins, giving it a feel similar to jelly and is one of the largest organs in the human body.The over 100 billion neurons in the brain are responsible for developing, analyzing and creating new ideas and actions as well as unconsciously regulating body processes such as the digestive system or respiratory system. 85% of the brain's weight is taken up by the cerebrum of which has an outer surface that is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is all grey matter (neurons) while the cerebrum underneath the cerebral cortex is comprised of white matter (nerve fibres; aka axoms and dendrites.
The cerebrum has two hemispheres which have four lobes. The frontal lobes control are involved with speech, thought, learning, emotion, and movement while the parietal lobes are responsible for processing sensory information such as pain, temperature and smell. The second biggest section of the brain is the cerebellum which is responsible for regulating muscle movement and balance. There is both white and grey matter in the cerebellum of which information is transferred to the spinal chord and other parts of the brain. The diencephalon is at brain's core and is about the size of an apricot. The diencephalon is responsible for sending nerve impulses to other parts of the brain for understanding and hormone secretion.The brain stem regulates reflexes and life functions that are not consciously thought about such as breathing and blood circulation.
Spine: The spinal chord is protected by the spinal column which is made out of bony vertebrae and measures between 43-45 cm.
There are 31 vertebrae that make up the spinal column: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal. Exiting each spinal column segment are a collection of neurons as well that along with the body's other neurons meet in the dorsal root. From there either a reflex occurs or the neurons are sent up again further to the brain.
There are different types of nerves in the body that connect to different places:
- Cranial nerves (connect sensory organs to the brain)
- Central nerves (connect areas within the brain and spinal cord)
- Peripheral nerves (connect the spinal cord with limbs)
- Autonomic nerves (connect the brain and spinal cord with your organs)
The brain is the President and the spine is the Vice President, if the Vice President can handle what is happening then the President does not get involved. For example when the doctor taps a knee, receptors in the knee send a signal to the spinal chord via a sensory neuron. The sensory neuron signals the central nervous system (in this case spine) which signals the motor neuron which then stimulates the correct leg so that it kicks. The brain did not need to get involved as this was a reflex of which the spinal chord and neurons had under control.
Major Organs:
Brain: Averagely the human brain weighs 3 pounds and is comprised of fats and proteins, giving it a feel similar to jelly and is one of the largest organs in the human body.The over 100 billion neurons in the brain are responsible for developing, analyzing and creating new ideas and actions as well as unconsciously regulating body processes such as the digestive system or respiratory system. 85% of the brain's weight is taken up by the cerebrum of which has an outer surface that is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is all grey matter (neurons) while the cerebrum underneath the cerebral cortex is comprised of white matter (nerve fibres; aka axoms and dendrites.
The cerebrum has two hemispheres which have four lobes. The frontal lobes control are involved with speech, thought, learning, emotion, and movement while the parietal lobes are responsible for processing sensory information such as pain, temperature and smell. The second biggest section of the brain is the cerebellum which is responsible for regulating muscle movement and balance. There is both white and grey matter in the cerebellum of which information is transferred to the spinal chord and other parts of the brain. The diencephalon is at brain's core and is about the size of an apricot. The diencephalon is responsible for sending nerve impulses to other parts of the brain for understanding and hormone secretion.The brain stem regulates reflexes and life functions that are not consciously thought about such as breathing and blood circulation. Spine: The spinal chord is protected by the spinal column which is made out of bony vertebrae and measures between 43-45 cm.
There are 31 vertebrae that make up the spinal column: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal. Exiting each spinal column segment are a collection of neurons as well that along with the body's other neurons meet in the dorsal root. From there either a reflex occurs or the neurons are sent up again further to the brain.
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