In order to convert food into energy and nutrients, a group of organs that make up the digestive system are required throughout the entire body.
Food passes through the GI (Gastrointestinal) tract which is comprised of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines,as well there are "accessory organs"
What is what in the digestive system?
which assist in digestion including:teeth, tongue,glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Throughout the digestive system there are six functions that ensure the body receives the nutrients and energy it requires:
- Ingestion (taking food in)
- Secretion (substances that are produced in a cell, organ or gland and then discharged in the form of saliva, bile etc.)
- Mixing and movement (food, liquids and nutrients moving and mixing together throughout the digestive system including the stomach and intestines)
- Digestion (breaking food down mechanically and enzymatically into energy or nutrients)
- Absorption (once the nutrients have been broken up they are absorbed into cells)
- Excretion (expelling waste)
Major Organs:
Esophagus: A muscular tube of about 8 inches connects the throat to the stomach and is behind the trachea and heart but is in front of the spine. The inside of the esophagus is coated in pink muscle called mucosa. Before getting to the stomach the esophagus passes through the diaphragm. At the top of the esophagus is a bundle of muscles called the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) which regulate breathing, eating, and vomiting. The UES also ensure that food and secretions are unable to go down the trachea. The lower esophageal sphincter are another group of the muscles but lower down, near where the esophagus meets the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is in charge of making sure contents from the stomach do not travel upwards through the trachea.
Stomach: The stomach is located on the left side of the abdomen and is the muscular organ that takes in food via the esophagus. Rugae, ridges of muscle tissue secrete enzymes and acids from the stomach break down the food we eat and digest it. Occasionally the stomach mixes the food a bit in order to aid digestion. Underneath the stomach is the pyloric sphincter which opens to bring the broken down food into the intestines.
Intestines:Intestines are tubes of tissue that run throughout the digestive system. They start at the stomach and end at the rectum which begins the excretion system. A majority of the body's absorption of nutrients occurs along the intestines, generally the small intestine. As well, the small intestine is lined with three types of muscle: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The small intestine measures at about 20 feet long and approximately an inch in diameter. While the large intestine measures at around 5 feet in length and 3 inches in diameter. The large intestine is also known as the colon and creates stool from liquids and causes urination.
Esophagus: A muscular tube of about 8 inches connects the throat to the stomach and is behind the trachea and heart but is in front of the spine. The inside of the esophagus is coated in pink muscle called mucosa. Before getting to the stomach the esophagus passes through the diaphragm. At the top of the esophagus is a bundle of muscles called the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) which regulate breathing, eating, and vomiting. The UES also ensure that food and secretions are unable to go down the trachea. The lower esophageal sphincter are another group of the muscles but lower down, near where the esophagus meets the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is in charge of making sure contents from the stomach do not travel upwards through the trachea.
Stomach: The stomach is located on the left side of the abdomen and is the muscular organ that takes in food via the esophagus. Rugae, ridges of muscle tissue secrete enzymes and acids from the stomach break down the food we eat and digest it. Occasionally the stomach mixes the food a bit in order to aid digestion. Underneath the stomach is the pyloric sphincter which opens to bring the broken down food into the intestines.
Intestines:Intestines are tubes of tissue that run throughout the digestive system. They start at the stomach and end at the rectum which begins the excretion system. A majority of the body's absorption of nutrients occurs along the intestines, generally the small intestine. As well, the small intestine is lined with three types of muscle: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The small intestine measures at about 20 feet long and approximately an inch in diameter. While the large intestine measures at around 5 feet in length and 3 inches in diameter. The large intestine is also known as the colon and creates stool from liquids and causes urination.
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